What Is Radiofrequency Treatment?

Radiofrequency (RF) treatment is a procedure in which special needles are used to create small lesions along selected nerves. The needle heats the nerve to approximately 80°C (similar to hot, but not boiling, water). At this temperature, the nerve is no longer able to transmit pain signals.

The treated nerves can regenerate over time, but this process may take up to a year or longer.

Who Is Radiofrequency Treatment Recommended For?

Radiofrequency treatment is recommended for patients suffering from:

Only patients who respond well to diagnostic local anesthetic blocks are suitable candidates. The effectiveness of RF treatment depends on how well the patient responds to these temporary diagnostic blocks.

What Is Joint Denervation?

Joint denervation involves disabling the small nerves supplying a joint. This can be done using heat (radiofrequency) or freezing (cryoablation).

The goal is to reduce pain. The procedure does not reverse joint degeneration, but pain reduction often allows improved mobility, as surrounding muscles can function more effectively.

When Is Joint Denervation Used?

This procedure is primarily recommended for advanced joint degeneration (e.g. shoulder, hip, knee) in patients who:

  • do not want joint replacement surgery, or
  • are not suitable candidates for surgery

It may also help patients who still experience pain after joint replacement.

What Are the Benefits of Radiofrequency Treatment?

The procedure reduces nerve conduction (including pain signals), which helps decrease pain and related symptoms. In some cases, once one pain source is treated, other areas of pain may become noticeable.

How Long Does the Procedure Take?

Depending on the treated area, the procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

How Is the Procedure Performed?

Depending on the type of treatment:

  • Some procedures are performed in an operating room under X-ray guidance (e.g. splanchnic RF, lumbar or thoracic sympathectomy)
  • Others are performed in the clinic under ultrasound guidance (e.g. knee or shoulder RF treatment)

After positioning the needle, a small amount of local anesthetic is injected. Once the nerve is numb, the tip of the needle is heated to the target temperature for approximately 2–3 minutes.

Is the Procedure Painful?

All procedures begin with a small injection of local anesthetic. Patients may feel a slight pinch and mild burning as the skin becomes numb. After that, the needle is typically felt as pressure rather than pain.

Most procedures are performed under sedation or anesthesia.

Sedation, Anesthesia, or Local Anesthesia?

In most cases, this is your choice. Procedures can be performed under local anesthesia, but sedation is also available, allowing you to sleep through the procedure.

Regardless of the method:

  • Do not eat for 6 hours before the procedure
  • You may drink water up to 2 hours before
  • You may take your usual medications
  • If sedation is used, you must arrange for someone to drive you home

What Can I Expect After the Procedure?

Muscle soreness may occur and can last up to a week. Applying ice may help. Your doctor will advise you on medications if needed.

Most patients experience significant improvement within one week, but full results may take 3–4 weeks.

Can I Return to Work the Next Day?

Yes, most patients can return to work the following day. In some cases, mild soreness at the injection site may require 1–2 days of rest.

How Long Does the Effect Last?

The effect of a successful RF treatment typically lasts 9–18 months. In some cases, it can last significantly longer (e.g. thoracic sympathectomy: 5–15 years).

Risks and Side Effects

RF procedures are generally safe. However, as with any medical intervention, risks and side effects may occur.

Potential risks include:

  • infection
  • bleeding
  • pain at the injection site
  • nerve or vessel injury

All procedures are performed under sterile conditions. The needle passes through skin and soft tissues, which may cause temporary discomfort. Although rare, complications can occur. Your doctor will discuss all risks with you in detail before the procedure.

Specialized Radiofrequency Treatments

Thoracic Nerve Treatment

Targeted treatment of thoracic sympathetic nerves to improve upper limb circulation and reduce pain.

Indications:

Results:

  • Warmer limb
  • Reduced pain

Duration: 30–60 minutes (operating room, X-ray guided)
Recovery: normal activity from the next day

Splanchnic Nerve Treatment

Treatment of abdominal nerves, primarily for severe cancer-related pain.

Indications:

Results:

  • Rapid pain relief
  • Reduced medication use

Duration: 30–60 minutes (sedation/anesthesia)
Recovery: normal activity from the next day

Lumbar Nerve Treatment

Targeted treatment of lumbar sympathetic nerves to improve lower limb circulation and reduce pain.

Indications:

Results:

  • Warmer limb
  • Improved circulation
  • Reduced pain

Duration: 30–60 minutes (operating room, X-ray guided)
Recovery: normal activity from the next day